Full Issue: AccessWorld June 2021

Editor's Page: A Casual Review of Freshly and Factor, Two Weekly Meal Delivery Services

Dear AccessWorld Readers,

Each month, I have the blank slate that is the Editor's Page to use to communicate with you all. Over the past few months, I have been experimenting with different content for this column to make it as valuable to you as I can. I've previously spotlighted organizations and made software recommendations, so for this column, I thought I would take this space to bring you a casual review of a couple of useful services/products that I have been using over the past half-year.

You are probably familiar with services like Hello Fresh and Blue Apron, meal delivery services that ship you a box of pre portioned ingredients along with a recipe so that you can cook the meal your self. I have always thought these services were interesting, but not being much of a cook myself, always put off trying them. I recently discovered two similar services, Freshly and Factor. Instead of sending you a box of raw ingredients each week, both of these services will send you healthy, precooked meals each week that only require reheating in the microwave. For this casual review, I used the companies' websites using the NVDA screen reader and the VoiceOver screen reader on iOS.

When you get started with either of these services, you will need to sign up and choose your first weeks worth of meals using the companies' websites or mobile apps. Note that prices decrease as you request more meals per week; For Freshly, meal plans start at 4 meals and top out at 12 meals per week. When ordering 4 meals, each meal will cost $11.50. If you go for the full 12 meals, each meal will be $8.50 (excluding shipping). For factor, meal plans begin with 4 meals and top out at 18 meals. 4 meals cost $15 each while 18 meals cost $11 each. For factor, shipping is included in the price of the meals. During the sign up process you will choose your meal plan, delivery date when using Freshly (Factor has a specific shipping date for your region), and meals. After you begin the service, you will begin receiving a box of meals each week. Once you choose your first week's meals they will be copied to subsequent weeks and you will need to manually go and change them. Factor selects a random assortment of meals each week; again, you will need to change them manually. Factor also has what they call "Add-ons" which are various products that are always available and can be purchased in addition to your weekly meals. Add-ons include items such as healthy(ish) desserts, healthy shakes, and other, simpler, food items like steaks and chicken. With both platforms, you can skip a week or cancel with ease.

The companies' apps and websites function similarly; Factor's app seems like it mirrors the website closely with the inclusion of the traditional app tabs for different sections at the bottom of the screen. The freshly app is slightly different in regards to adding meals as there are two views, one that is a vertical list that contains the meals while the other, reached by activating a meal's name, will allow you to swipe or scroll through the meals in a horizontal view. I believe it isn't intended, but in this view, you can swipe left or right and be taken through the name of the dish and included side, Swiping right past the side dish name or left past the name of the dish will take you to the next or previous meal respectively. You can also use a 3 finger swipe with VoiceOver to scroll from one page to another. If you want to learn more about a specific meal, scroll down with a three finger vertical swipe to read the details of each meal. Factor's meal selection uses a vertical list for both app and website.

In regards to accessibility, Factor's app and website both seem to be completely accessible. The only access issue I encountered was that nutrition information for Factor is a graphic whereas Freshly has nutritional information as plain text. For now, I personally use the built-in Windows 10 OCR through NVDA to read nutrition information with factor which works well. If I am not mistaken, you can do this with JAWS as well. Freshly on the other hand has several minor access issues. There are several unlabeled or improperly labeled controls in both the app and website. In addition, both Factor and Freshly allow you to activate the name of a meal to open a dialog with full details. Factor has each meal labeled as a button while Freshly shows each meal's name as plain text. In addition, when adding meals, I found that activating the "Add meal" button on freshly's website didn't always work, I found that the most reliable way to add meals to my cart was to use NVDA's object navigation feature to locate the button and then enter the buttons container and activate it there.

When you receive your box of meals, you will find large (recyclable) ice packs along with padded insulation surrounding your meals. I have mainly tried 4 meals from each provider; for me, the ice packs were placed on the top and bottom of the stack of meals. Both companies package their meals similarly; each meal is packaged in a microwave safe plastic tray with a space for the main dish and a separated portion for the meal's side dish. Factor some times will include a sauce that must be removed before heating, in this case, the side section for the tray will be further separated into two smaller containers. This is also true when there are two sides with a Factor meal. In addition to the regular tray, Freshly will serve pasta in a large tray with a single space with no separators. Chili, soups, and certain other meals are served in rounded bowls. All meals from both companies are packaged in cardboard sleeves with the meal's information on the outside. Note that the name of a Factor meal will be printed on the side of the cardboard sleeve while you can generally find the name of the dish on the top or bottom of a Freshly sleeve. Instructions are printed on the bottom of the cardboard sleeve for each meal; though I personally found that heating all meals for around 3 minutes and 30 seconds did the trick. This depends on your microwave's power of course, I believe that the one I use is 1200 Watts. I use a scanning app like Voice Dream Scanner, Seeing AI, or Lookout to scan the package contents. This works quite well for Freshly meals but doesn't work nearly as well when scanning Factor packages. For me, the most important info is the "Use By" date for each meal. These meals use few to no preservatives so will go bad within around a week if not eaten. This can vary by meal so I always make sure to scan for this whenever I get a new box. As expected, this is much easier to find on Freshly packages than Factor meals.

Now that we've gone through the accessibility of these services, How is the food? Generally, Freshly produces healthier meals while Factor meals are higher calorie but with more decadent options; e.g., greater amounts of cheeses, sugars, and sauces. Freshly meals always contain some sort of meat and in some cases will meet some dietary requirements such as "No Dairy" or "Gluten Free". Compared to Factor, you generally have around 35-38 meal options per week, just in fewer categories. Factor produces food in more categories, e.g., Vegan, Paleo, Plant-Based, and Ketogenic, but has fewer meals overall. Factor always has two breakfast and seafood options. I particularly appreciate the breakfast options from Factor and the pasta options from Freshly. Thus far, I haven't seen any true pasta meals from Factor and Freshly meals generally fall into lunch or dinner options only. Previously Freshly didn't have any seafood options, but recently, I noticed a shrimp dish on the weekly menu. In addition, you can now purchase multi-serve meals from Freshly. These include items such as chicken breasts, steaks, meatballs (both beef and turkey), and macaroni and cheese.

So with all of that said, which do you choose?

  • Accessibility: Freshly has a few minor access issues, but is perfectly usable with work. Factor seems to be completely accessible.

  • Packaging: Freshly's packaging is easier to scan with an OCR app. In addition, their insulation seems to maintain cool temperatures better and the trays seem sturdier than those used by Factor.

  • Food quality: Both have excellent food quality (as the price for each would suggest). I find that Freshly often will try to replace less healthy ingredients with healthier ones. In addition their meals with sauces and cheeses have fewer of these ingredients compared to a similar Factor meal. It seems that Factor exclusively has breakfast meals while Freshly Exclusively has true pasta meals.

Overall, you can't go wrong with either of these services. I've been using both for the last 6 months and have been happy with both. With the skip option available from both companies, it is quite effortless to alternate services week to week if desired. Really, I would recommend checking out both sites and taking a look at the meals and go with the service with the items that appeal to you most.

As usual, I would love to hear your comments. Do you find this sort of content helpful as the Editor's Page? As this is a casual review, are there aspects that you wish I would have focused on more or areas that received too much attention? Do you have suggestions for future topics that I can cover? Reach out at apreece@afb.org.

Sincerely,

Aaron Preece

AccessWorld Editor and Chief

Next Article

Back to table of contents

Video Streaming Services, Part 4: Apple TV+: A Very Accessible Service

Judy Dixon

In November 2019, Apple launched a streaming service called Apple TV+. This name proved to be a bit confusing because Apple already offered a product called, Apple TV, which is a little box that can access a wide variety of audio and video content.

But Apple TV+ is not a box, it's an ad-free subscription service. You don't even need to have an Apple TV to use the Apple TV+ service. When it launched, Apple TV+ offered only original content. The service began with nine original productions, eight series and one documentary. These included The Morning Show, a behind-the-scenes look at a morning television show; For All Mankind, a show about the space race with the premise that Russia was first to land a man on the moon; See, a sci-fi series about a future world where everyone is blind?then twins are born who can see; Dickinson, a stylized look at the life of a young Emily Dickinson; and Oprah's Book Club, a talk show featuring authors and their books.

Most of the TV+ series premiered with their first three episodes, with an additional episode rolling out each week. Full seasons of some series, however, were available all at once. New original series and films have been released in subsequent months. All Apple Original productions have audio description tracks in nine languages (English, French, Canadian French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish, and Spanish Latin).

In mid-2020 Apple began efforts to license older television and film content from other content providers. Little older content has appeared yet but more is expected in the coming months.

Currently, several award-winning shows are now on the service including Ted Lasso, about an American football coach who is hired to manage a British soccer team. This series has won numerous awards (AFI, Critic's Choice, Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, Writers Guild,), and Stillwater, about siblings who develop a friendship with a wise panda. This series was nominated for a Peabody. There's also lots of other good children's programming as well.

At debut, Apple TV+ was available in about 100 countries. Now, as of June 2021, the service is still not available in many high-population countries such as South Korea, Romania, Turkey, and others. It is now estimated to have more than 40 million subscribers, and offers nearly 100 original series and movies as well as other content.

What Devices Can Access Apple TV+?

Apple TV+ content is viewable through the Apple website, and through the Apple TV app, which has gradually become available for many devices. On earlier versions of Apple devices, the app for accessing movies and so forth was called Videos. But in 2016, the name was changed to TV. On an iPhone, iPad, and Apple TV, the TV app comes with the operating system. On a Mac, the TV app arrived with macOS Catalina.

The app is also available on other devices including Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Fire TV Stick, and Fire TV Cube; Samsung, LG, Vizio and Sony televisions; and Chromecast with Google TV. On these devices, the app is called Apple TV and must be downloaded and installed. The Apple TV+ service is also available through an app for PlayStation and Xbox.

Accessing Apple TV+ Content

On Apple devices, the TV app is designed to be a central hub for movie and TV show content. There are three categories of content you can watch through the app: Apple TV+ original programming, Channels (which you subscribe to through the Apple TV app and add on just like you used to add movie channels to your cable package), and programming from other services (which you subscribe to separately and which have their own apps used to watch them, but can be searched and launched from within the Apple TV app).

This can all be more than a little daunting. In the TV app, you can subscribe to channels. If a streaming service is an Apple channel, then you can play its content without downloading an app for that service. You can watch content included with your subscription inside the TV app, and across all of your devices.

You can search for a channel in the Apple TV app to see movies, shows, and other content that you can watch with a subscription. Pricing varies by channel. You can see details about the trial, monthly price, and renewal terms before confirming your subscription. Showtime and Paramount+ are examples of channels.

But on Apple devices, the app will also tell you about content that is on other streaming services whose apps are on your device. In this case, it will automatically open the other app to play that content. Examples of this type of content are Disney+ and Prime Video.

The TV app aggregates content from many different sources. At the time of this writing, in the United States, the TV app supports 36 services including ABC, Amazon Prime Video, BBC America, CNN, Comedy Central, Cooking Channel, Disney+, ESPN, Food Network, Hallmark Channel Everywhere, HBO Max, HGTV, Hulu, MLB at Bat, NBC, PBS Video, Peacock, Smithsonian, Spectrum TV, Starz, TBS, TNT, The Travel Channel, and VH1. If the app whose content you wish to play is not a "channel," then the app must be installed on your device, and you must have access to the service independently of Apple.

Notably absent from this list is Netflix. The apps of other services have been programmed to integrate with the Apple app but Netflix has chosen not to do this. This makes it a bit inconvenient for those who subscribe to Netflix in addition to other services because they must search in both apps when looking for specific content.

Apple TV+ on the iPhone and iPad

On an iPhone and iPad, the TV app is pre-installed. The structure of this app is quite complex.

There are four tabs at the bottom of the TV app's Home screen. The Watch Now tab gathers the shows you recently watched and the ones that are placed in Up Next. At the very top of the Watch Now tab is Account Settings where you can control the connected apps, manage subscriptions, Clear Play History, and more.

The sections of this tab are separated by headings, which makes it easy to navigate. But these headings change from time to time depending on what is being featured. The What to Watch section contains content that the app thinks you'll like. My Channels is a list of the services to which you have subscribed and More Channels is a list of ones that are available. There is also a list of Streaming Apps that gathers many of the apps on your device and presents them in one place. Other headings may include: New Shows and Movies, Popular Shows, Sports, What We're Watching, Trending, and New Movies to Rent or Buy.

The Originals tab contains the programming from Apple TV+, along with sections on Coming Soon, Meet the Stars of Apple TV+, and More to Explore.

The Library tab contains all of your previously purchased content. You may have acquired some of this content in iTunes but now everything is available through the TV or Apple TV app.

The Search tab lets you look for content in all the supported apps on your phone. You can also search the thousands of movies and TV shows available from Apple. More than 1,500 of these movies are available with audio description with more being added all the time. You can also browse titles that appear in trending categories.

Let's have a look at the options that can be set for the TV app in the iPhone's Settings. These are the settings found under TV in the main Settings app on the phone.

At the top of the page are sections for Streaming Options and Download Options. Each of these sections has these same three items: use cellular data, cellular, and Wi-Fi.

Use cellular data: on or off. Here you can choose to stream or download your movies and TV shows over the cellular network.

Cellular: For streaming, the options are high quality or automatic. Automatic will optimize the streaming quality based on your data plan. For downloads, the options are high quality or fast downloads. High quality uses more storage because it caches the content until it can be downloaded. Both options can play high dynamic range and Dolby Atmos videos.

Wi-Fi: For streaming, the options are high quality or data saver. Data saver streams up to 1 gigabyte per hour. For downloads, the options are high quality or fast downloads.

The remainder of the page contains the following:

Languages: This setting is for adding audio languages. Your original audio language will be here. If enabled in Accessibility, audio descriptions will be downloaded automatically. Each added audio language will increase the download size.

Subtitle languages: Your download will include subtitles for each of your languages. This is on by default so you can reduce your download size by turning this off.

Allow TV to access Siri and Search.

Notifications: Set how you want to be notified by the TV app. It can tell you about new episodes of series you are watching and that sort of thing.

Device Preferences:

Show sports scores: on or off.

Use Play history: on or off. This allows TV shows and movies played on this device to influence your recommendations and update your Continue Watching content across your devices.

Purchases and rentals: High definition or standard definition. If you select standard definition, only videos in standard definition will be shown as options when your purchase or rent videos.

Home sharing: This is where you can enter your Apple ID to set up home sharing for the TV app.

Apple TV+ on an Apple TV

To access Apple TV+ content on your Apple TV, select TV, which, by default, is the very first item on the interface (row 1, column 1). Before pressing this button, you will also hear the Apple TV say "Top shelf content available." This means that there are items in the row above row 1 related to the currently selected app. In the case of the TV app, these are promotional items for movies and TV shows being featured by Apple TV+. If you prefer, in Settings, you can change this so it shows your Up Next items.

On the Apple TV, you can access additional content in the Movies and TV Shows menu items on the device's Home screen. You are able to access your purchased items (including those purchased through iTunes) as well as search for new content, see recommendations, browse by genre, and so forth.

The TV app on the Apple TV has seven tabs: The Watch Now tab is similar to the tab on the iPhone. It includes Up Next, What to Watch, and lists channels and other streaming services. The Apple TV+ tab presents Apple TV+ content sliced and diced in many ways. The Movies tab lists current movies and Apple originals. The TV shows tab lists new offerings and entire seasons. The Sports tab lists sports events on other apps on your device. If you don't have the app, the TV app will show you how to get it. The Library tab includes your purchased movies and TV shows. The Search tab lets you search for content across your device and also presents content in many categories. The Apple TV also has a voice search feature which works extremely well. It is built into the remote and is called the Siri button.

In the Apple TV Settings, under Apps, the TV app has options for:

Use play history: on or off.

Show sports scores: on or off.

Home screen, top shelf: What to Watch or Up Next.

Notifications: Games and Up Next.

Audio, autoplay video sound: on or off.

Then each of the video streaming apps on your device is listed with the option of on or off where you can choose if you want that app connected to the TV app.

If you enabled the Audio Descriptions feature in Settings, Apple TV+ content and other items are played with their audio description. If you wish, you can turn audio description on for a single program, or you can turn on audio description in a language other than your device's default language.

Apple TV+ on an Android Phone

At the present time, the Apple TV app is not available for Android phones, although it is rumored to be coming soon. It's possible to play Apple TV+ content, however, by opening a web browser and going to tv.apple.com. The Sign In button is in the upper right corner.

Apple TV+ on Other Streaming Devices

On many smart televisions as well as Fire TV, Roku, Chromecast, and other devices, you can access Apple TV+ content with an app called Apple TV. This app must be downloaded and installed on each device. This app has seven tabs: Watch Now, Apple TV+, Movies, TV Shows, Library, Search, and Settings.

The Apple TV app on third-party devices gives you access to content from your subscribed channels but it does not give you access to the content from the dozens of other streaming services in the way that the TV app running on Apple devices does.

You can turn on audio description from within the Apple TV app by going to Settings > Accessibility > Audio Descriptions and turn it on there. When you do this, it is turned on for all the Apple content that includes it.

To play your purchased iTunes movies and TV shows, open the Apple TV app and press the Right Arrow until you reach Library. The first item is Recent Purchases. Even though this says "Recent," every purchase I have ever made is listed. You can also search for new content, see recommendations, browse by genre, and so forth.

Apple TV+ Pricing Options

Apple TV+ costs $4.99 per month. It includes family sharing with up to six family members who can share one Apple TV+ subscription, and watch using their own Apple ID and password. You can renew your subscription for one year for $49.99.

As of October 2020, Apple TV+ access is included as part of Apple's new Apple One subscription bundle. This bundle includes Apple Music, Apple TV+, Apple Arcade, Apple News+, and Fitness+. This means you can now subscribe to Apple TV+ through one of three different Apple One bundle tiers: Individual, Family, and Premier. Here is what is included in each of the tiers:

  • Individual: You get Apple Music, Apple TV+, Apple Arcade, and 50GB of iCloud storage for $14.95 per month.
  • Family: Up to six members of your family get Apple Music, Apple TV+, and Apple Arcade, and 200GB of iCloud for $19.95 per month.
  • Premier: Includes all the other benefits, but ups the iCloud storage to 2TB per month and adds subscriptions to the News+ magazine and newspaper service and the newly announced Fitness+ service for $29.95 per month.

If you buy any new iPhone, iPad, Apple TV, iPod touch or Mac, you get one year of Apple TV+ free if you activate it within 90 days of your purchase.

For More Information

Apple maintains a webpage that lets you Check if movies and TV shows have accessibility features in the Apple TV app. It gives instructions for many Apple and other devices on how to check if movies and TV shows have accessibility features such as audio description and closed captioning.

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

Comment on this article.

Related Articles:

Previous Article

Next Article

Back to Table of Contents

A Never-Ending Convention on your Phone: A Guide to the Clubhouse Audio App

J.J. Meddaugh

Imagine this. It's just before 7 pm you're weighing your options for what to do for the evening, and there are dozens of choices to consider. In one room, a moderated discussion about mental health and its role in sports is taking place. Across the hall, a group of entrepreneurs is sharing tips and tricks for how to grow a business. Yet another room has assembled to talk about the intersection of blindness and sexuality. Meanwhile, there's a bit of a crowd forming in the lounge to talk about tonight's NBA playoff games. An accomplished guitarist attracts a small following while playing some instrumental tunes. And yet another group is debating which style of pizza is the greatest.

After reading this description, you may think this is a scene straight out of a large national blindness convention, but this is one conference you don't need to leave your house to enjoy. It's all happening on Clubhouse, a wildly popular new chat and social app that places audio conversations at the forefront. Clubhouse initially came to iOS devices last year and slowly opened up to more users through an invite system, while the Android version debuted this past May.

Getting Started

Right now, you still technically need to be invited by an existing user to join, but it's probably not a large leap to say that some of your friends may already be using the app. If you have a friend on Clubhouse, ask them to invite you, which is done using your phone number. Many clubs (more on those in a second) also are able to give out invites to new users. Otherwise, you can simply download the app and join the waiting list, which is opening up rapidly. Clubhouse is available on the App Store for iOS or Google Play on Android. Naturally, thousands of blind and visually impaired people have embraced Clubhouse, since it focuses quite a bit on audio without a lot of other distractions.

When signing up, you will be asked to fill in a profile and also upload a profile picture. You can also link your Twitter or Instagram accounts to Clubhouse, making it easy for others to contact you. This latter point is important, since private messaging is not currently available on Clubhouse. You can update any of these items later on as well, and I highly recommend you do, especially so others can contact you or learn more about you. You also will be presented with a list of interests to select from, ranging from science and technology to religion and languages. Your experience will be vastly improved if you take the time to select categories that interest you, as your selections will heavily influence the rooms you see in your Hallway.

The Hallway

The main hub of activity for the app occurs in the Hallway. You will be presented with a series of rooms you can join, ranging from the ultra-serious to the just plain silly. In fact, all of the topics mentioned in the introduction to this article are regularly featured as rooms. In addition to the interests mentioned above, your Hallway will include rooms with other users you are following as well as rooms for clubs that you have joined. Other general interest or featured rooms will also be included.

For each room in the Hallway, you will hear the name of the room, including any club affiliation, the names of some of the people in the room, especially people you follow, the number of speakers or people on the stage, and the number of listeners, which you can think of as the total number of people in the room. The number of speakers is included in the number of listeners. Simply select the room if you wish to join it. Don't worry, you won't be on stage or unmuted when you join, so you can safely listen without worrying about disturbing the room.

Clubhouse says that you will see more rooms if you follow more people, which is true to an extent, especially for new users. But the big advantage of following more people is to see rooms where they are participating, akin to seeing where your friends are at a convention. While you may just be tempted to follow every person you know, like you would on Facebook or Twitter, you may want to be a bit more intentional in choosing who you follow, in order to curate a better list of rooms in your Hallway.

The Hallway also includes five buttons across the top of the screen, labeled with VoiceOver as Explore, Invite Friends, Bulletin, Activity, and Profile. Note the labels may be slightly different on the Android version. To follow people, or clubs, select the button labeled Explore, found in the top left corner of the app. On this screen, you can browse through suggested people to follow based on your contacts or people you are already following; search for specific people or people with a specific keyword in their profile, such as "psychology" or "programmer"; or browse through clubs that fall under the various categories mentioned above.

Invite Friends naturally allows you to invite others to the app using their phone number. It's a good idea to check with them first to see if they are interested or have already received an invite, as you can't take an invite back once it has been used. You start out with a small number of invites, and are given more if you are active on the app.

Bulletin allows you to schedule a room for a specific date or time. This is a great way to promote upcoming events. Activity shows a feed of recent events on the app, such as rooms started or scheduled by your friends, new people who have joined the app, and invites to clubs. Finally, Profile allows you to view or edit your public profile and adjust account settings.

The Room Experience

After entering a room, you will likely hear one or more people talking. These participants are on what's commonly called the "stage." You will be placed in the audience. VoiceOver users can perform a two-finger double tap to hear the name or names of the people currently speaking.

This screen includes several sections. Near the top left corner is a button to return to the Hallway. This will let you browse through other rooms while remaining in the current room. Also near the top of the screen is the title of the room, a link to your profile, and the name of the club hosting the room if there is one.

Below this is a list of people on the stage, with room moderators listed first. Each person's profile picture is displayed visually along with their name. Your screen reader will also indicate if the person is muted. If you swipe right past these people, the next group will include users followed by the speakers. This is often called the VIP section, though the VIP benefits are limited to having their name and picture placed above the rest of the audience. Finally, the Others in the Room section shows other people that are in the room. Only the people on stage have the ability to speak, and can do so at any time.

Near the bottom, there is a button to exit the room labeled Leave Quietly, one to invite your friends into the room if you think they may want to join, and a Raise Hand button. This last button is what is used to get the attention of any of the moderators on the stage and let them know you have an interest in speaking.

Rooms take on many different structures. Some are run with an organized flow and can often resemble a radio talk show, with a group of speakers and experts and one person from the audience brought up at a time to speak with those on the stage. Others exhibit more of an informal pub atmosphere, with anyone talking at any time. It's best to observe the flow and style of the room before requesting to join the stage. In addition, once you are invited to speak and choose to accept, you will actually be unmuted, so people can hear anything you say. It is generally good decorum, especially in more organized rooms, to mute yourself right away when you come on stage until you are called on by a moderator. The Mute button can be found in the bottom right corner of the screen. VoiceOver will say Selected if you are currently muted. Any moderator can also mute you at any time, which may occur if they are hearing a lot of background noise, and there is no guarantee, especially in a larger room, that you will be invited to speak at all.

Let's Talk about Clubs

I've mentioned clubs a few times in this article, and the concept is quite simple. As you might expect, a club is a group of people with a shared interest, and there are literally thousands of them on the app. Clubs can host rooms and also accept members. For instance, Blind Bargains has a club that has hosted a variety of technology and lifestyle-related rooms over the past few months. If you were to follow the Blind Bargains club, you would then be notified of new and scheduled rooms under that club. As you browse your hallway, you will be told which club is hosting a room. Just like in-person meetups, some clubs are more active than others, and you will likely want to do a bit of browsing to find some that fit your tastes.

Once you've been on the app for a week or two and actively participated in some rooms, you will be able to start your own club. You may want to check on the Explore screen to see if there is already a club that covers the same topics you were thinking about before starting your own. Clubs can literally be about just about anything, and seasoned users often will be members of dozens of clubs across the app.

Hosting your Own Room

Once you have found your way around the app for a bit, you may want to host your own room. You do this by selecting the Start a Room button from your Hallway. Here, you can give the room a title and also choose the type of room you wish to host. Private rooms are limited only to people you specifically invite. Social rooms can be joined by anyone you or other moderators are following, while public rooms are open to anyone on Clubhouse. If you are the administrator of a club or have access to host rooms, you can also host a room under a club from this screen.

Once you select the Start Room button, it will start to appear in the hallways of other users, especially people that are following you. As more people join, the room will gain more visibility and move toward the top of the list. You can also invite people into the room, or share the room on social media. As a moderator, you can choose who you want to invite onto your stage, send people back to the audience, or end the room.

Why Use Clubhouse

There have been a lot of chat and social apps that have been released over the past decade, but no audio-first app has gained as much attention as Clubhouse. This has attracted a slew of celebrities and influencers, and has fostered a community of people across the world connected by voice. Clubhouse can be used in numerous ways, and there's no need to pick just one. Business professionals use the app to find new clients and connect with potential partners. Sports lovers can celebrate or commiserate with fans of their favorite teams. Those looking for entertainment can listen to a near endless supply of musicians, comedians, or storytellers, and those with any of those talents can share them with others as well.

Specifically in the blindness sphere, many rooms discuss topics of particular interest to AccessWorld readers. There are rooms that discuss accessible apps for mobile phones, tactile imaging, or parenting while blind. One person who has really used Clubhouse as a platform to share and connect with customers is Matt Ater, Vice President of Vispero, the makers of JAWS, ZoomText, and Fusion. Matt cohosts rooms about JAWS that offer tips and tricks or discussions of new features, and also participates in a variety of other rooms on the platform. He has this to share about his experience with Clubhouse:

I have really enjoyed the experience of connecting to customers on Clubhouse. The ability to create events, develop connections with customers, and learn from our customers has been very useful for both the company and me. I have been working in this industry for over 27 years and have met so many people on this platform. The instant connection to people who either follow you or follow the club is more powerful than anything I have ever used in social media. It is one thing to post an issue, it is another to voice your thoughts and be able to provide feeling behind it.

Tips and Tricks

There are many ways to maximize use of the app, especially if you are using it to connect with new people or open up new opportunities. First, as mentioned above, fill out a complete profile, including a photo and social media links. I actually signed up for an Instagram account just for Clubhouse, since it created an easy way for people to contact me off the app. Not everyone has or chooses to use Twitter, and providing options for connecting is a key networking strategy. In addition, some moderators will not invite people on stage who do not have social media profiles linked, as a way to weed out potential trolls.

If you hear a speaker that sounds interesting to you and you want to hear more from them, give them a follow. While in a room, you do this by selecting their name, which will open up their profile. You can then read their bio and choose to follow if you wish. You can always unfollow someone later on if you would like. The same holds true with clubs that provide content you find interesting. Select the name of the club near the top of the screen when you are in a room, and then select the option to follow the club.

There are several things you can do to improve the way you sound. Believe it or not, one of the best ways to sound good without using expensive audio gear is to use your phone along with a wired pair of headphones without a mic. This will cause the app to use the built-in microphone and will also prevent audio from the speaker from degrading your sound quality. In most cases, Bluetooth headsets will not provide good audio quality for others listening to you, especially Apple's own AirPods. This is because these are primarily designed for making phone calls and not using audio-based apps. Also, once you are on the stage of a room, you can select to use a higher audio quality for your mic. To do this, select the button near the top of the screen labeled Room Actions and then select audio quality and set it to High. You will need to do this each time you enter a room.

One thing to note is that users are often frustrated by the number of notifications sent out by the app. I highly recommend selecting the settings option from your profile, and lowering the level of notifications you receive. You may also want to turn off the option labeled Featured Rooms in order to further limit the amount of notifications you receive.

Conclusion

Clubhouse has gained a lot of traction over the past several months as an audio app worth checking out. While others including Twitter are now attempting to copy their success, it remains a vibrant place to chat, network, and learn. The breadth of rooms available allows for a wide variety of conversations, and you can choose to participate actively or just listen and enjoy the show. It's essentially a conference that never ends, with something for just about anyone. Also, you may have noticed that I've barely mentioned accessibility in this article. That's because it's just built-in and works quite well. The team behind Clubhouse has intentionally made accessibility a focus for their apps, and while minor areas could always be improved, the app in its present form is one of the best chat experiences for the blind and sighted alike. Perhaps I'll find you roaming the hallways of Clubhouse soon.

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

Comment on this article.

Related Articles:

More by this author:

Previous Article

Next Article

Back to Table of Contents

Battle of the Trackers: Tile vs AirTag

Janet Ingber

If you have ever misplaced an object such as your keys or wallet, then you will appreciate a tracker: a small, easy-to-use device that can be attached to an object to help find it. The Tile tracker has been around for several years. Now, Apple's AirTag is the new kid on the block.

The Tile Trackers

Tile makes several different types of trackers: the Tile Mate, Tile Pro, Tile Slim, and Tile Sticker. You can purchase combination packs with different Tile types in one package. You can also purchase packs with multiples of one specific type of Tile.

I bought a combination pack that contained the Tile Slim and the Tile Pro. They were in the same box but wrapped separately. Also in the box was a printed information sheet. The manual can be found online

Specifications

These are specifications for each Tile type:

Tile Mate

Width x length x depth = 1.4 inch x 1.4 inch x 0.24 inch

Weight = 0.20 ounce

Range = 200 ft. Bluetooth

Alarm volume = 119 dB

Water-resistant

Replaceable battery = Yes, CR1632, up to 1-year life

Tile Pro

Width x length x depth = 1.7 inch x 1.7 inch x 0.3 inch

Weight = 0.47 ounce

Range = 400 ft. Bluetooth

Alarm volume = 128 dB = loudest

Water-resistant

Replaceable battery = Yes, CR2032, up to 1-year life

Tile Slim

Width x length x depth = 3.4 inch x 2.1 inch x 0.08 inch (approx. 2 credit cards)

Weight = 0.55 ounce

Range = 200 ft. Bluetooth

Alarm volume = 82 dB = louder

Waterproof

Replaceable battery = No, up to 3-year life

Tile Sticker

Width x length x depth = 1.1 inch x 1.1 inch x 0.3 inch

Weight = 0.18 ounce

Range = 150 ft. Bluetooth

Alarm volume = 55 dB = loud

Waterproof

Replaceable battery = No, up to 2-year life

The Tile Mate and Tile Pro can easily be attached to a key ring or similar.

The Tile App

In order to communicate with your Tile, the Tile app must be installed on your iOS, or Android device.

The Tile app is free or you can upgrade to Tile Premium, which offers more features. Premium costs $2.99 per month or $29.99 per year.

The Tile app opens to a Welcome screen. Next is a button labeled, "Buy a Tile." Selecting the button brings you to a page where you can purchase various Tile combination packs as well as an individual Tile. Select the Done button at the top of the screen to return to the Tile app. Next are two buttons: Sign In and Get Started. Before using the Tile, you need to create an account. Select the Get Started button.

When the new screen loads, the first option is to add a device. Below it is a Skip button. Next is another opportunity to shop, followed by a heading labeled Activate a Tile Enabled Device. Below this is a list of devices.

Select the Skip button. On the next screen are edit boxes for your email address and a Tile password. Once you sign in, you will be informed that a code has been sent to the email address you have provided. Enter the code in the edit box. Once the sign up process is complete, Tile will ask for permissions such as using Bluetooth and sending Push notifications.

In the next step of the setup process, Tile needs permission for location access. Instructions are clear on how to do this. In addition to setting location in the Tile app, you need to allow location in your device's settings. Go to Settings > Tile > Location.

Adding a Tile

After you sign in, the main screen has an Add Tile button. Activate it. I used my Tile Pro. Tile Mate, Slim, and Pro are in one group and Tile Sticker needs to be selected separately. Next, press the button on the Tile and it will make a noise. After that, the next step is to hold the Tile near your phone. It took a couple of tries, but it paired with my phone. Then choose where you put the Tile. There is a list or you can put in your own selection. I chose to put it on my keys.

When I reopened the app, there was an Add Tile option at the top of the screen. There was a Settings button and a notification that my Tile was connected. The Tile was labeled Keys. I selected the Find button and in a couple of seconds, my Tile began to sound. I located it and pressed the button on the Tile to stop the sound.

I activated my Slim Tile and put it at the bottom of my purse. Once this Tile was activated, the main app screen showed both Tiles and had a Find button for each item. Both Tiles worked well.

In the Settings section of the Tile app is an option to use a Tile to locate your phone. Go to Find Your Phone and select it. On the next screen is a list of your Tiles. Next to each Tile name is a switch button to enable the Tile to find your phone.

Locate your phone by double pressing the Tile button. This feature works even when your phone is on Silent. Once the phone is located, select the OK button. I needed to turn VoiceOver's volume up to hear it above the sound my Tile triggered.

Siri Shortcut

You can ask Siri to find your Tile. In the Tile App, select the item for the Shortcut. On the next screen, go to Siri Shortcuts and select it. The app guides you through the setup process.

Tile with Amazon Alexa

Amazon's Alexa can find your Tile. Say something like, "Alexa, find my" and your Tile's name. For example, I said "Alexa, find my purse." Alexa spoke my purse's last location. She then asked if she should ring my purse. A couple of seconds later, my purse Tile rang.

Lost Item

If you lose an object, such as a jacket, with a Tile attached, you can use the Tile app to help find it. If the item is in range, you just need to select the Tile, but if the object is not in range, start by opening the Tile app and select the Tile you want to find. Next, select the Notify When Found button. Follow the prompts to complete the process. When someone with the Tile app on their device passes near the missing Tile, you will be notified of your item's current location.

Conclusion

Tiles work well and come in four different sizes. The Mate and Pro have holes for attaching them to a key ring or similar object. The Mate and Pro also have replaceable batteries. Sound volume is good, especially on the Pro. Tile activation is a multi-step process. Once activated, the Tile app is easy to use. You can create a Siri Shortcut for your Tile.

Amazon's Alexa can work with Tiles. The setup process is multi-step, but not too difficult. Finding a lost item requires that the finder has the Tile app on their phone.

Apple AirTag

The AirTag is the newest entry into the tracker market. You can buy one AirTag or a pack of four. It requires iOS 14.5 or later.

I purchased a single AirTag. In the box were print documentation and the AirTag, which sits in a little cardboard holder. Lift it out and note the tab sticking from the AirTag. Pull out this tab to activate it.

The AirTag measures 1.26 inches in diameter, 0.31 inches high and weighs 0.39 ounces. It is water resistant. I was unable to find documentation of the decibel level of the AirTag's sound or its range but it's definitely quieter than the Tile. The bottom of the AirTag has a smaller circumference than the top and is where you have access to the replaceable battery. Once the battery tab is removed, the battery door will not stick out very much. AirTags use a replaceable, mainstream CR2032 battery that lasts about one year.

Each AirTag links to your Apple ID during the setup process. Because of this, someone who finds your AirTag will not be able to convert it to their own use. Up to 16 AirTags can be assigned to the same Apple ID.

Unlike the Tile Mate and Tile Pro, the AirTag does not have a hole for attaching it to an item such as a key ring. Separate holders specifically designed for the AirTag are available through Apple and other retailers. I purchased a third-party key ring.

Setting Up the AirTag

Once you remove the tab that sticks out of the AirTag, a dialogue box will appear on your phone. It contains a button to connect your AirTag. There are several screens to set up including naming your AirTag. There is a list of options via a picker menu. VoiceOver does not read the item number correctly. It keeps saying each item is 1 of 11. Ignore this. Your choice is not dependent on the number of the item in the list. If you do not like any options, there is an edit box where you can enter a name. I named my AirTag "Keys." VoiceOver will speak the Setup process. If you do not find the setup dialogue on your iPhone or iPad screen, you can set up your AirTag in the Find My app. Once your AirTag is activated, there will be an Items tab in the Find My app. Follow VoiceOver's instructions. Whether using the Connect on screen dialogue or the Find My app, during the setup process the Continue button is after the Close button. Make sure to choose the Continue button during the setup process.

Finding Items

Siri can be used to locate an AirTag. For example, if I want Siri to find my Keys AirTag, I say, "Hey Siri, find my keys." My keys were attached to an AirTags key chain. Within a few seconds, the AirTag started to sound. Unlike the Tile, it only played for a few seconds. Volume was less than on my Tile Pro and Tile Slim. You can also ping your item from within the Find My app. Go to the Items tab and activate the Play Sound button. VoiceOver will say the button is off. Select it and a sound will start playing. It is the same idea as when you ping your iPhone with your Apple Watch.

If you have an iPhone 11 or 12, you can use Precision Finding. This feature gives verbal directions and haptic feedback to direct you toward your AirTag. In the Items tab of Find My, select the Find Nearby button. This will engage Precision Finding.

Finding a Lost Item

If your AirTag is not in range and you cannot find it, you can mark it lost. Go to the Find My app and select Items. Follow the prompts to mark it. You will be asked to enter a phone number for someone to call. If someone with an NFC-enabled phone, such as an iPhone or Android phone, is near your AirTag, they will receive a message on their device indicating the item was lost. If the AirTag owner has entered a phone number to call, it will also be in the message with the item.

Conclusion

The AirTag is easier to set up than the Tile. There is only one AirTag model. You cannot put it on a key ring or similar item without also purchasing a special holder. Siri works well with the AirTag. The AirTag's volume is lower than the Tile Pro and Tile Slim. Although the Tile's sound is continuous, the AirTag plays for only a few seconds. Precision Finding is an excellent feature for someone with a visual impairment. If you lose an item with an AirTag, anyone with an NFC-enabled device will receive a message when they encounter the AirTag. This means a much larger network of possible finders.

The Bottom Line

Both the Tile and the AirTag work well. Your choice of purchase really depends on the item to be tracked. The AirTag's volume is lower and only plays for a few seconds at a time, but it is easier to set up and has a much larger finding audience. Precision Finding on the AirTag is an excellent feature, if you have a device that supports it.

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

Comment on this article.

Related Articles:

More by this author:

Previous Article

Next Article

Back to Table of Contents

Audio Description Isn't Just for Video

Bill Holton

One of the many reasons podcasts have become so popular over the past several years is because no matter how narrow your interests, you can usually find several podcasts focused on the topic. If you're reading this article you are likely interested in accessible tech, and may already be subscribed to several access podcasts, such as Blind Tech Guys, AppleVis, The Tech Doctor, and Blind Bargains, this last cohosted by fellow AccessWorld writer JJ Meddaugh. In this article we'll introduce you to a pair of relatively new and lesser-known podcasts you may find equally interesting. Each in their own way examines the world around us and offers answers to the eternal question: "What's going on?"

Talk Description to Me

Christine Malec is a Toronto-based arts and culture consultant working with the Canadian National Institute for the Blind. As part of her duties, twice a month she hosts "The Curiosity Club," a gathering of blind locals where guest speakers such as museum directors and astronomers discuss their specialties and offer descriptions of everything from dinosaurs to black holes.

As the pandemic began to take hold last year, Malec invited her longtime friend, JJ Hunt, to join a few group Zoom sessions and describe the images she and other blind people could only imagine: desolate city streets, shuttered businesses, and overcrowded hospitals. Hunt is a 20-year audio description professional working with theaters, museums, and sports events. "That went well," he observed after one of the sessions. "What do you think of expanding what we did on a larger scale?"

The two developed and began producing their podcast, Talk Description to Me, and published their first episode in July of 2021. The duo dove directly into the deep end, devoting their premier to the video of George Floyd's death.

"It was difficult, and painful, but very necessary," says Malec. "This video is being watched everywhere and it was important culturally, but there was so much that wasn't being offered in the news commentary. We tried to stay neutral, describing the events without commentary of our own. We wanted our listeners to decide for themselves how the images affected them."

According to Malec,

Our hope is that the podcast can give us the same cultural references as sighted persons. For example, many blind persons assume TV news is accessible because someone's always talking. But there are constant images flashing behind the screen-visuals they don't even refer to in the broadcast. The blind may know about the attack on the capitol, for example, or the Mars Rover descent-images most people take for granted. JJ and I are trying to fill that gap on an ongoing basis.

The podcast format is simple. After picking a topic, Hunt spends several hours researching the subject and "finding the visuals I feel are relevant for the conversation," he says. "I look for visuals that lend themselves to a good narrative and further the telling of the story."

The podcast recordings are freewheeling conversations between friends. "JJ can describe things that I as a blind person want to understand, but it's up to me to say, 'OK, I get that, but I don't know what you mean by this or that." For example, "We were discussing fire tornados, and I had to ask JJ, 'can we walk this back for a minute? I'm not sure I really know what a tornado looks like.'"

Topics of discussion are chosen in three ways. "First, we look at the news and if there's something we feel will benefit from description we make that our priority," says Hunt. For example, the volcanoes episode after the eruption on the Caribbean island of St. Vincent offered descriptions of the giant ash cloud that overwhelmed the island and the geographic changes left in its wake.

"JJ and I also have our favorite topics," says Malec. "I love astronomy. Hunt likes travel and architecture." The resulting podcasts include "The Moon," "Northern Lights," and "Architecture Then and Now." As for their favorite episode, "We both truly enjoyed discussing the cargo ship trapped in the Suez Canal and the extreme measures it took to free it and restart world commerce," says Malec.

The pair also appreciate receiving ideas from listeners. "We did a 'Three Wonders of the World: Niagara Falls, the Taj Mahal and Angkor Wat,' which I particularly enjoyed, since I've visited all three places."

Near the end of last year Malec and Hunt hosted an open Zoom call to answer listener questions about various news events of the past 12 months. They have also started a Talk Description to Me Clubhouse on the popular Clubhouse app, where they plan to host monthly online discussions beginning with "Describing the Invisible Universe," featuring astronomer Kim Arcand.

Where to Find

Subscribe to the Talk Description to Me podcast using your favorite pod catcher, or visit the Talk Description to Me website.

Say My Meme

Caroline Desrosiers was working with a textbook publisher to make their newly digitized images W3 compliant when she realized textbooks weren't the only problem. "Everywhere online I found images with inaccurate and incomplete alt text or with no alt text at all," she recalls. So she started her own business, Scribely, and began contracting with ecommerce and other websites to provide image descriptions that would both make their sites more inclusive and improve search engine optimization (because Google and others index alt text along with standard HTML content).

Desrosiers made a number of new business contacts during Scribely's first year of operation, including Will Butler, VP of Community for Be My Eyes. "I was intrigued to find someone who specialized in describing images," recalls Butler. "It reminded me of an idea I'd had on the back burner for a while." Butler oversees the Be My Eyes Podcast, as well as 13 Letters, a podcast conversation with individuals who work with accessibility and inclusive design. "Do you think you could describe memes?" he asked Desrosiers

Merriam-Webster defines meme as "An amusing or interesting item (such as a captioned picture or video) or genre of items that is spread widely online especially through social media." Often the image or other media the meme is based on has been repurposed, such as an iconic image from a Star Wars movie being tagged with a new, humorous caption.

Butler began episode one of his and Desrosiers's new podcast, Say My Meme, this way: "Memes might not seem that important if you're blind, but the truth of the matter is they're the new water-cooler talk. Instead of talking about what you saw in theaters this weekend you're talking about which spicy memes tickled your fancy."

Cat pictures with humorous captions are far and away the most popular memes, so of course Desrosiers and Butler devoted their first episode to describing and discussing a quintuplet of popular cat memes-including the internet favorite "Grumpy Cat."

Desrosiers begins with what she refers to as a "quick and casual" description of the image, adding a few of the more subtle elements that will come into play when she moves on to the meme's caption-sort of a setup and punch line combination. Of course to get the joke sometimes you need to have a bit more information. "Sometimes a lot of the humor is in the little details a sighted person would pick up on right away, such as the expression on Grumpy Cat's face above the caption reading, 'If you're happy and you know it I don't care.'"

Desrosiers and Butler often invite guests to their show, either to describe their own favorite memes or to react to them, such as when blind vlogger Lucy Edwards appeared on the podcast after submitting a request to hear a few beauty memes from Say My Meme. They also republish one of the five memes from each show daily on their Instagram feed.

"People who are blind do use Instagram--there is alt text you can add to the images," says Desrosiers. "We thought it would be nice to have a blind use or have something pop up on his feed that's funny and nice for them."

Desrosiers and Butler also invite the sighted public to record their own favorite meme descriptions. These are sent out in the podcast feed during the week. "We hope to have a lot more crowd sourcing of memes as we go along," says Butler. "They are a part of modern, digital life, and we want to participate."

Where to Find

Subscribe to the Say My Meme podcast using your favorite pod catcher, or visit the Say My Meme website.

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

Comment on this article.

Related Articles:

More by this author:

Previous Article

Next Article

Back to Table of Contents

Book Review: <i>Audio Description: What It Is, Where to Find It, and How to Use It</i>, by Judy Dixon

Janet Ingber

The title of this new book by AccessWorld author Judy Dixon says it all. Dixon's new book provides not only a guide to using audio description, she also discusses history, legal issues, providers, device set-up, and much more.

Dixon starts with a forward by AccessWorld author Deborah Kendrick, who talks about her experiences with audio description. Dixon gives acknowledgements and presents a personalized introduction to the world of AD. In the "About This Book" section and seven chapters she gives a detailed overview plus very specific "how to" directions. To conclude the work, an extensive list of resources is provided.

About this Book

This section starts with a brief description of each chapter. She mentions which types of devices will be discussed, including her reasons for not writing about audio description for web browsers and computers: there are a number of web browsers, screen readers, and operating systems that put them beyond the scope of the book.

Chapter 1: Some Background on Audio Description

Use of audio description did not happen overnight because of resistance from broadcast, cable, and streaming services. Legislation was eventually enacted but not without a fight. Dixon gives an excellent timeline of what happened.

This chapter starts with a history of audio description. Early work was done by WGBH, the Boston PBS affiliate. They used the Secondary Audio Program channel to play the description track. Studies were done by the American Foundation for the Blind and by Comcast. Dixon also discusses the settlement between the American Council of the Blind and Netflix, where Netflix agreed to provide audio description for all of their original programs.

The important requirements of section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act are explained in relation to adoption of audio description. The next section of this chapter covers current legal requirements for AD. Dixon discusses the FCC (Federal Communication Commission's) original legislation in 2000 and gives the reasons this legislation was never enacted. Dixon writes about the FCC regulations that were passed in 2010, called the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA). It mandates the number of hours of described programming that must be available and what the providers need to do to make this happen.

Lastly, she discusses the Justice Department's mandates regarding first run movies in theaters.

Chapter 2: Audio Description on Broadcast and Non-Broadcast Television

This chapter begins with a discussion of the different ways to get audio description on your television. Next is an explanation of how audio description is sent to your specific type of device. FCC requirements for accessible documentation and set-top boxes are also discussed.

Dixon provides very specific information on how to access audio description for many companies such as Comcast Xfinity Service, Verizon FiOS, and Charter Communications Spectrum TV. She discusses the Channels app. Her instructions and descriptions are very clear.

Chapter 3: Accessing Audio Description when Using Streaming Services

This chapter begins with a discussion of the seven major streaming services: Apple TV+, Disney+, HBO Max, Hulu, Netflix, Paramount+, and Prime Video. There is a description of each service and its cost.

In the second part of this chapter, Dixon clearly describes how to access audio description on the above streaming services. She describes the screen layout and how to enable the device's screen reader. She provides instructions on using these services on a wide variety of devices including iPhone, iPad, Android phone, Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV Stick, Amazon Fire TV, Chromecast with Google TV, and Roku Express.

Chapter 4: Finding Audio-Described Content

Dixon discusses the American Council of the Blind's Audio Description Project. This website has an easily searchable master database of described content.

The National Federation of the Blind NFB-NEWSLINE is another source for described content. You will need to set up an account with Newsline. Dixon explains the process for getting information about audio described content using this source.

Another source is Fandango. Dixon explains how to find out if a movie is described.

Chapter 5: Audio Description at Movies, Plays, Museums, National Parks, and Live Events

The first part of this chapter has information regarding AD at movie theaters. Specific legislation is discussed regarding what theater owners are required to provide. She adds that movie trailers are not usually described.

In the next section, Dixon discusses audio description at live theater events. She provides information on methods and challenges of live description.

The remainder of this chapter is about audio description at museums, National Parks, and live events. Examples of live events include the Olympics and the inauguration of President Biden.

Chapter 6: Other Venues for Audio Description

Dixon discusses other places where audio description may be available. For example, the Department of Education DCMP (Described and Captioned Media Program) provides audio descriptions and captions for K-12 students. She writes about how to get YouTube videos described. Other topics include in-flight airline entertainment availability. There are podcasts where a sighted person describes things that are visual, specifically for the blind. Check the resources section for these podcasts.

Chapter 7: The Future of Audio Description

In this final chapter, Dixon explains how some companies are working to improve the sound quality of audio described content. She also describes how some streaming services are using text-to-speech rather than having a human read the descriptions. She writes about her own experience with this type of description.

Resources

Dixon provides an excellent and extensive resources section, organized by category: Articles, Books and Research Reports, Podcasts, and Websites. Websites are organized by type: General, Legal Issues, Broadcast and Non-Broadcast Television, Streaming Services, and Streaming Devices.

Conclusion

This book is very well written. Whether you are an old pro at audio description or just at the beginning stage of setting it up, you will find helpful information. Dixon's descriptions and instructions are very clear and useful.

Book information

Audio Description: What It Is, Where to Find It, and How to Use It, by Judy Dixon

Price: $12.00

National Braille Press

Formats: braille, BRF, DAISY text, and Word

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

Comment on this article.

Related Articles:

More by this author:

Previous Article

Next Article

Back to Table of Contents

Book Review: <i>Basics for the Beginning User: Mac OS 11 Big Sur Update</i>, by Janet Ingber

Steve Kelley

A Mac Classic, quite an antique these days, was my introduction to the world of Apple in the early 1990s. I had been using an IBM 8088 with a 10 MB hard drive running DOS in my office. The Mac was completely different, offering graphics, a mouse, and what seemed like a more intuitive, inviting interface. The IBM got the job done, but it seemed like the user had to conform to the machine. The Mac, on the other hand, just seemed to understand the user better.

Fast-forward many years to 2005, when Apple introduced VoiceOver as a screen reader in Mac OS 10.4 Tiger, a full five years behind the introduction of Narrator, Microsoft's screen reader for Windows. Perhaps because of some of the third-party screen readers available for Windows at that time, Narrator lacked the features needed to be an all-around, everyday screen reader. Apple's VoiceOver, although a bit late to the onboard screen reader game, immediately made the Mac more accessible right off the shelf.

As a result, the Mac developed a reputation for being the more accessible computer.

For those who want to learn more about the world of Mac accessibility with VoiceOver, there is certainly a community of enthusiastic users, like you'll find at AppleVis, but the availability of training seems more limited than what's available for Windows screen readers, like JAWS and Narrator.

Fortunately, writer Janet Ingber's latest Mac tutorial, Mac Basics for the Beginning User: Mac OS 11 Big Sur Update, published by National Braille Press (NBP), is a comprehensive guide to get the Mac beginner up and running with VoiceOver. Ingber is an experienced VoiceOver user who has authored several previous Mac tutorials, so readers will find that this book covers not only the latest Mac operating system update, Big Sur, but older versions of the operating system as well.

Book Layout

From the opening pages of the book, Ingber's comprehensive familiarity with previous versions of the Mac operating system, and with Windows, enables her to address both the new computer user starting out with a Mac, and Windows users who may be learning the Mac for the first time. Readers familiar with a previous version of the Mac OS, and new to the most recent update, Mac OS Big Sur, will find this a useful guide to many of the changes.

Mac Basics for the Beginning User is divided into over 120 sections within 46 pages, many just a few paragraphs long, as the book moves from getting the Mac set up for the first time, to setting up an email account, getting around a webpage, working with PDF files, and creating a text document. The book is packed with keyboard shortcuts and tips from an experienced user, yet is sensitive to the needs of the beginner. For example, clarification for those using a Touch Bar on their newer Mac Books and for those with a row of function keys, and a quick jump into Getting Help, including the phone number and website for Apple Accessibility, are all found conveniently in the first pages.

Focus on VoiceOver

Mac Basics for the Beginning User is almost exclusively focused on learning the basics while using the Mac's screen reader, VoiceOver. There is very little information offered for the beginner on other accessibility features such as the Zoom screen magnifier and display settings for low vision. For this low vision Mac user, the many keyboard shortcuts, and explanation of the basic Mac concepts, such as the File Explorer, Dock, VoiceOver Utility, etc., are thorough and understandable, whether or not VoiceOver or the mouse is used. For example, this writer, after many years using Windows, is routinely confounded by file management using the Mac Finder. Learning the shortcuts from the book, such as Command + Option + L to go directly to the Download folder in Finder and Command + Shift + H to go right to the Home folder made it so much easier to navigate in the Finder application. That said, beginners looking for more extensive information on accessibility features beyond VoiceOver, will want to supplement this book with additional information, such as that found on the Mac Accessibility website.

Information as Needed

Mac Basics for the Beginning User is written to get readers going on their Macs quickly. By keeping the sections short and direct, Ingber interjects information where needed as the book progresses to more comprehensive topics like email, the VoiceOver Utility, and creating a text document. For example, on page 4, in the section " Quickly Adjusting VoiceOver Speech Settings, readers learn how to change the basic VoiceOver settings, while a deeper dive into the VoiceOver preferences comes later in several sections devoted to the VoiceOver Utility. Ingber offers readers the information they need to move on to the next section without getting overloaded.

In the section "Power Options on Your Computer," Ingber gives readers the heads-up that the next several sections will consist primarily of System Preferences. For those who want to get right into the email section, the book is designed so readers can jump ahead to that section, and fine-tune their System Preferences later by returning to the skipped chapters.

Shortcuts and Handy Tips

Sections like "Commands for Navigating Web Pages," "Web Rotor," "Navigating with the Trackpad," and "Navigating Using VO Keys," are all packed with the most-used keyboard shortcuts and helpful tips, like this tip in the "Commands for Navigating Web Pages" section:

The Tab key will move you through all elements on a web page. Shift-Tab will move you backward through the elements. If, for some reason this feature is not working, do the following: * Open Safari preferences with Command-, (comma) * Tab to the advanced tab and select it with VO-spacebar. * VO-Right Arrow to "Press Tab to highlight each item on a web page." If the checkbox is not checked, check it with VO-Spacebar.

Additionally, Ingber is quick to point out alternative methods for performing tasks. In the section "Accessing System Preferences," readers discover an alternative way to open System Preferences. The first shortcut is to open the Apple menu using VO + M (the VO, or VoiceOver, keys are the Control and Option keys held down at the same time). Once in the menu, use the Down Arrow key to get to System Preferences and select it with VO + Spacebar. Here, the author includes the following alternative, "You can also go to the dock with VO-D and then type the letters "sys." This should bring you to System Preferences." This is just one example of many alternative approaches found throughout the book.

Try it While You Read

Mac for Beginners is written in a way that invites reinforcing interactivity for readers with a Mac nearby. For example, in the "Sound" section, the author introduces us to the Sound Effects tab in the System Preferences menu. This includes interacting with a table using many of the navigational keystrokes described earlier in the book. The alert volume setting uses a slider to adjust volume level, and readers are guided through the process of how to do so:

When you get to the volume level, you will be on a slider. Treat it like a table. Interact with it using Shift-VO-Down Arrow. Use the Up and Down Arrow to review your choices. You do not have to use the VO keys, but you can. After making your choice, get out of the slider with Shift-VO-Up Arrow.

Again, this is just one example of many that reads as though an instructor was looking over the reader's shoulder as they learned a new task on the Mac, step by step.

Mac OS Big Sur Updates

There is no specific section devoted to Mac OS Big Sur updates, these are all interwoven into more of a task-specific context. In the section "Exploring the Screen," readers explore the Menu Bar using VO + M and the Arrow keys. Big Sur introduces a new way of opening the context menu, introduced as part of this process:

Check out the contextual menu either by typing Shift-VO-M, or if using BigSur, bring up the actions menu with VO-Command-Spacebar. Then use the Down Arrow to go to Show Menu and select it with VO-Spacebar.

Introducing the changes to Big Sur as they came up in the Control Panel, App Store, Menu Extras, etc., made the directions easier to follow for readers, regardless of which OS they are using.

Wrap Up

Organizing the basic elements of the Mac operating system when using VoiceOver, and integrating the changes of a new operating system, is no easy task. While the focus of Mac Basics for the Beginning User on using VoiceOver may be less appealing for a low vision user, Janet Ingber's description and instruction of the basic Mac elements, like System Preferences, menus, Finder, Safari, etc., are useful for any beginner. With a focus on VoiceOver, this book is really essential reading for the Mac newbie using a screen reader. Ingber's organizational style, with the emphasis on tasks and presenting new information on an as-needed basis, will enable the beginning Mac user to make progress from the very first pages of the book, whichever operating system they are using.

Product Information

Mac Basics for the Beginning User: Mac OS 11 Big Sur Update, by Janet Ingber, is published by National Braille Press.

Price: $12.00-$14.50

Formats: Braille, DAISY (download), DAISY (on USB drive), eBraile (download), eBraile (on USB drive), Word file (download), Word file (on USB drive)

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

Comment on this article.

Related Articles:

More by this author:

Previous Article

Next Article

Back to Table of Contents

<I>AccessWorld</I> News

M-Enabling Summit to be Held October 4-6, 2021

The M-Enabling Summit Conference and Showcase, dedicated to promoting innovation in accessible and assistive technology for senior citizens and users of all abilities, will host its signature industry networking event October 4-6, 2021 in Washington, DC. The M-Enabling Summit is fully committed to providing a safe and powerful platform in-person this fall with virtual participation options for those still unable to travel or participate in public events by October. Industry leaders, influencers and advocates will be addressing the current issues and strategies surrounding digital accessibility in light of the significant evolutions that occurred since the 2019 M-Enabling Summit.

With participants’ health security as the top priority, conference logistics will reflect official health guidelines and best practices for conferences and public events and their updated details will be published on the M-Enabling Summit website. With the theme of “Digital Accessibility, a Driver for Inclusion Strategies,” key topics that will be explored at this year’s hybrid M-Enabling Summit include:

  • The acceleration of the adoption of virtual environments during COVID-19: What’s durable evolution, what’s not, perspective from Industry and Persons with Disabilities.
  • Spotlight on most impactful newest accessibility features and their benefits for users.
  • Multi-modal gaming and virtual entertainment experiences for accessibility.
  • Balancing privacy and security with accessibility and assistive services requirements: The need for users’ choice options.
  • The era of voice as a new platform for digital interaction: Challenges and opportunities.
  • The emergence of neurotechnologies for advanced assistive solutions: Risks and opportunities.
  • State of Accessibility among business, government, and academia.
  • The emergence of Strategic Leaders in Accessibility (SLiA) among large organizations
  • Workplace accommodations success stories in a virtual environment
  • The best of education accommodations strategies in a virtual environment
  • The rise of the accessibility profession: Global footprint, professional development resources and benefits for organizations

For additional information on participating in the event please visit the M-Enabling website.

Announcing the Peter Papano – APH STEM Scholarship

APH is excited to announce a new scholarship for students who are blind or visually impaired! The application process for the Peter Papano-APH STEM Scholarship is open from June 1 to July 5, 2021 (applications submitted before or after the designated timeframe will not be considered). If you live in California, plan to attend college in California, and will major in a STEM subject, you may be eligible. To learn more and to apply, please download the scholarship application and see the APH CareerConnect posting.

Applications must be submitted between June 1 to July 5, 2021

Previous Article

Next Article

Back to Table of contents

Letters to the Editor

In this section, we publish letters submitted by AccessWorld readers on a range of topics. If you would like to submit a letter to the editor, you can do so by sending an email to the Editor, Aaron Preece, at apreece@afb.org, or by activating the "Comment on this article" link at the bottom of any article.

Dear AccessWorld Editor,

This message is in response to Deborah Kendrick's May 2021 article, Employment Matters: Jim Kracht, Retired Miami-Dade County Attorney

A  fascinating article.  I could easily imagine a series of podcasts that included a description of each music box, its history, and a sample of its music. Mr. Cracht must have been really bright to be a Harvard graduate, both undergrad and law school.  I wonder if he took loans to pay for his education. 

They, meaning he and his wife, did very well.  Wonder how they met.  Wonder if the right spouse can make or break a career for a blind person though I know of blind lawyers who went solo.

Best

David

Previous Article

Back to Table of contents