Full Issue: AccessWorld September 2022

Editor's Notes: Style Sheets and Hearthstone Access

Dear AccessWorld Readers,

Welcome to the September 2022 edition of AccessWorld! For this editor's notes, I thought I would share a tech tip that I've not seen discussed before. To take advantage of this tip, you will need to be using the Firefox web browser on Windows. If you encounter an accessibility issue that you cannot work around, you may be able to bypass it by turning off the page's style sheet. In simple terms, a CSS style sheet is essentially extra instructions that aid in determining the look of a page. With Firefox, there is a quick and easy way to turn this style sheet off, so that you can see the actual HTML page without the visual styling provided by the style sheet. In many cases, this might make it easier to access certain content that the sheet was obfuscating or hiding. For example, say I am trying to enter my credit card information on a shopping website but the fields for doing so aren't working with my screen reader. Turning off the style sheet might make these more accessible to me if it is turned off. Note that style sheets are used for a reason, and that a sight probably will look strange without them. For example, often there are various messages that a website can display depending what you are doing on the page, logging in for example. So in this case, there might be a message telling you that your username/password is incorrect, one to tell you that there isn't a name found for a given email address, etc. If you turn off the style sheet, you probably will see all of these messages, even if you shouldn't. That being said, turning off the style sheet for a given task and then turning it back on takes seconds and can be very useful.

Now that we've discussed the benefits of turning off a style sheet, how do you actually do it. In Firefox, open your "View" menu by either navigating to it or pressing "ALT+V". Now, either arrow down until you hear "Page Style"; You can also use the shortcut key "Y" to jump directly into this submenu. Once you open the "Page Style" sub menu, you will generally see two options, "No Style" and "Basic Page Style". Sometimes there might be other options, but these two are the options you will see in around 90% of cases based on my experience. Press enter on "No Style" to turn the style sheet off. If you want to turn it back on, go back into the "Page Style" menu and select the "Basic Page Style" option.

In other news, do you remember our article on the game Hearthstone back in October 2021? If you need a refresher, you can find the article here. Hearthstone accessibility is only possible due to the work of a single individual who goes by the moniker Guide Dev. Recently Guide Dev released an article explaining the work involved in making Hearthstone accessible. It is a fascinating read and illustrates different methods of providing accessibility to a complicated program like Hearthstone and their benefits and drawbacks. If you are a fan of Hearthstone or are interested in the processes involved in retrofitting accessibility for a complex program, it is definitely worth a read. Guide Dev spends countless hours keeping Hearthstone up to date and I'd like to give him a shout out for all of his hard work and dedication to making this game available for people with vision loss.

I hope you enjoy the September issue of AccessWorld and as always, thank you for being a reader of our magazine.

Aaron Preece

AccessWorld Editor and Chief

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

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A Wrap-Up of Apple’s “Far Out” Product Launch Event

Janet Ingber

Apple held its annual “Far Out” product launch event on September 6, 2022. There was a lot of speculation about what would be unveiled. At the very beginning of the event, Tim Cook, Apple’s CEO said, “Today we’re here to talk about three products that have become essential in our lives: iPhone, AirPods and Apple Watch.” Products are discussed in the order they were presented. During the presentations, Apple made a point of speaking about their use of recycled materials.

Apple Watches

This year Apple introduced three watches. They are the Series 8, an updated SE, and Ultra.

Apple Watch Series 8

This new Apple Watch will add more health, safety, and connectivity features.

Cycle tracking came to the Apple Watch three years ago. With Series 8, there are some new features. With the watch’s new temperature sensor, women can get information about temperature changes relating to ovulation. The temperature sensor has two parts: a sensor under the back crystal and a sensor under the display.

Women using iOS 16 and watchOS 9 will get notifications about cycle deviations. Data can be shared with your health care provider or anyone else. Data is encrypted on the watch and can only be accessed with a password, Touch ID, or Face ID. When syncing data with iCloud, end-to-end encryption is used.

Apple has implemented Crash Detection in this model of the Apple Watch. Even if you are not driving the car, the Apple Watch can call for help in case of a crash. The Series 8 Apple Watch can contact emergency services, provide your location, and notify emergency contacts. The Series 8 Apple watch has two new motion sensors, an improved gyroscope, and a high g-force accelerometer.

Low Power Mode will be available on Series 4 and later, with iOS 9. If you use an iPhone, you are probably familiar with the Low Power Mode. According to Apple, this feature can give you 36 hours of battery on a full charge

International roaming will be supported for cellular watches starting with Series 5.

Apple Watch Series 8 starts at $399 for GPS and $499 for cellular. It will be available in midnight, starlight, silver, and product red. There are 3 stainless steel finishes: silver, gold, and graphite.

Apple Watch Series 8 is available as of September 16.

Apple Watch SE

This updated Apple Watch SE will have the same crash detection sensors as the Apple Watch series 8. Its display is 30% larger than the Series 3 watch. The SE also gets the same fast processor as the Series 8. According to Apple, this new SE will be 20% faster than its predecessor. The SE starts at $249 for GPS and $299 for Cellular. It will be available in midnight, starlight, silver, and product red. There are 3 stainless steel finishes: silver, gold, and graphite. The watch was also released on September 16.

Apple Watch Ultra

Apple consulted athletes and explorers to design this watch so it can handle extreme environments. Apple’s COO Jeff Williams said, “Apple Watch Ultra is a versatile tool that empowers users to push their boundaries with adventure, endurance, and exploration.” The watch is only available in a titanium casing. It has a very large 45 mm screen. The watch costs $799. All Apple Watch Ultras have cellular connection. The Apple has further details of the watch here

AirPods Pro 2 

These new AirPods will have a new H2 chip, a low distortion driver, and a custom amplifier.

You can create a customized Spatial Audio profile using the true depth camera on your iPhone running iOS 16. The profile is based on the size and shape of your head and ears. According to Apple, Noise Cancellation will be up to double of the original AirPods Pro. For these new AirPods, Apple is adding an extra-small pair of ear tips.

Another new feature of these AirPods is Active Transparency. When the AirPods are in Transparency mode, they process background noise at 4800 times per second, letting them decrease background sound immediately.

It will be easier to change the volume on AirPods Pro 2. Simply slide your finger on the stem to make a change.

These new AirPods will give up to six hours of listening time on a single charge, a significant increase. The charging case gives up to 30 hours of listening time. If you misplace your charging case, Precision Find will guide you to it. There will be a speaker in the bottom of the case to help you. The speaker will also play tones for low battery, pairing, and when charging starts. The Apple Watch charger will be able to charge these new AirPods. The case will have a loop for adding a lanyard. The AirPods Pro 2 will be available on September 23rd. White is still the only color option.

iPhone 14, 14 Plus, iPhone Pro, and iPhone Pro Max

Unfortunately, Apple is not selling an iPhone 14 Mini with its 5.42” screen. The iPhone 14 has a 6.1” screen and the screen on the iPhone Plus is 6.7”. The screen on the iPhone Pro is 6.1” and iPhone Pro Max has a 6.7” screen.

All of these phones have the same Crash Detection described in the Apple Watch section. They have satellite connectivity for use in a location without cell towers that enables you to text for help. Your phone will instruct you how to position the phone to get satellite reception. You can then connect with emergency services. If you purchase any iPhone 14, you will get satellite reception service free for two years.

Starting with the iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max, phones will not have a SIM card and SIM tray. Apple will switch to eSIM, an embedded SIM card.

iPhone 14 and 14 Plus

The iPhone 14 and 14 Plus have a new 12 mega-pixel main camera, a larger sensor, and a faster 1.5 aperture. The camera has 49% greater ability to photograph in low light. Their front cameras can auto focus. This lets the camera focus more quickly, even in low light.

These phones have the same A15 processor as in the iPhone 13 plus and they have a new graphics core.

The iPhone 14 and 14 Plus come in five colors: midnight, starlight, purple, blue, and product red.

The iPhone 14 starts at $799 and the iPhone 14 Plus starts at $899.

The iPhone 14 will be available on September 16. The iPhone 14 Plus will be available on October 7.

iPhone Pro and iPhone Pro Max

These phones have a new 28 megapixel main camera. The proximity sensor is now behind the display. The Dynamic Island is a new feature only available on the 14 Pro and the 14 Pro Max. It displays notifications, some controls, and other useful information at the top of the screen. Both the iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone Pro Max have an always-on display. The main camera on these phones has a 48-megapixel camera and quad pixel sensor. All cameras on the new phones do significantly better in low light settings than their predecessors.

The iPhone Pro and Pro Max are powered by Apple’s new A16 Bionic chip. According to Apple, this new chip is the fastest chip ever in a smart phone.

iPhone Pro starts at $999 and iPhone Pro Max starts at $1099. Colors are silver, gold, space black, and deep purple.

These phones are available as of September 16.

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

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Access Tech—The Future of Haptic Helpers

Bill Holton

Haptic feedback on smartphones and other handhelds can dramatically enhance the usefulness  of navigational apps and aids for the vision impaired.  Your phone may buzz, for example, when you reach a designated corner, and allow you to determine in which direction your next way point or ultimate destination lay.  Innovations never cease, however, and below I will describe two new ways haptic feedback may soon be coming to a mobility device near you.

Smart Paint

Princeton, NJ -based Intelligent Material Solutions, Inc designs and manufactures  advanced materials and sensors.  One of their newest products is a tunable “Smart Paint.”  Here’s how it works:

Various rare earth elements such as yttrium and ytterbium are combined in different proportions,  depending on how the smart pigment will be tuned.  The mixture is then heated in a high-temperature furnace until it forms crystals that arrange themselves in predictable shapes and sizes from 3nm to 50,000nm. The crystals are inert and can be added to standard paint along with other, traditional pigments.  Pigments usually reflect color.  Green paint reflects light in the green spectrum, blue reflects blue.  “Depending on which elements we combine  in which proportions our pigments can be tuned to reflect near infrared light in an additional frequency,” says IMS Chief Technology Officer Josh Collins.  “Smart Paint used for highway lane markers might appear yellow, but shine a near-infrared light at it and it will reflect not only the frequency of the light but a second, tunable frequency that can be easily detected with sensors.  Here allow me to offer a somewhat less than elegant analogy.  Consider the web page where the images and graphs have been made accessible with alt text.  A sighted user experiences that web page one way, but with a special sensor—in this case a screen reader—additional information is made available. Now, imagine a bucket of yellow highway lane paint with its own alt-tag.  “Near infrared light has much greater penetration, so A sensor mounted on a vehicle’s underside could detect lane markers, even in heavy fog or other foul weather,” says Collins.  “We were in discussions with the Department of Transportation about using Smart Paint in this very fashion when one of the government reps observed that Smart Paint might also be a useful navigational aid for the vision impaired.” The company conducted some preliminary R&D, then approached the Ohio State School for the  Blind and Tampa Lighthouse for the Blind for testing.  “We used Smart  Paint to mark crosswalks and produced canes with mechanisms to  emit and detect the near-infrared light and offer haptic feedback as the cane touches the lane marker,” says Collins.  “It’s too easy to veer off course crossing a busy intersection,” notes Jonathan Fink, director of Portland State University’s Digital City Testbed Center. Fink and his associates also conducted successful tests using several Smart Painted crosswalks, bus stops and even travel paths to various campus locales.  “The detectors worked even in  pouring rain,  though the performance was better when we marked the routes with plastic tape embedded with the smart pigments. We also  quickly learned that the detectors need to be attachable instead of built into canes—people want to use their own equipment they’re already comfortable with.”

The sensors weigh approximately 40 grams--less than 2 ounces--and consist of a haptic engine that attaches near the cane handle and a ground-facing sensor that connects via wire or Bluetooth from a few inches above the tip. “Basically, it’s a few LEDS and a haptic engine,” says Collins, who predicts his company will be able to produce the units in quantity for about $50 each.

And though The technology is still in its infancy Collins also predicts a wealth of future possibilities.  Already the company has partnered with a Southern CA university to produce a smartphone app that will combine sensor data with GPS information and Open Map overlays.  “We are also hoping to use strips of smart plastic tape to create bar codes to mark a point of interest, a particular address or the names of stores in a shopping mall.”

Collins even suggests the  possibility of hand held infrared scanners—the latest iPhone?—that could use near-infrared light to scan otherwise invisible QR codes on street signs and business doorways .

I, for one, can’t wait for an airport with “alt-tagged” gate directions, food Kiosk menus, and entire bathroom walls invisibly  labeled “Sinks” and “Stalls.”

The Haptic  Sleeve

Nearly a decade ago the US military began testing “Haptic belts” to aid  soldiers in  night time maneuvers.  Soldiers hands are usually too busy holding rifles and other equipment to use standard GPS devices.  Also, the light of the devices’ displays could potentially warn the enemy of their location.  The belts were  connected to a GPS device and worn strapped around the soldiers’ torsos.  A ring of haptic motors would vibrate in one of the  eight cardinal directions to guide the soldiers and keep them on track--even in pitch dark.  This research was conducted more than ten years ago, and I was unable to learn whether these belts were ever deployed by the US military.  However the concepts were familiar to engineers Manuel Zahn and Armaghan Ahmad  at the  Center for Digital Technology and Management, Technical University of Munich. 

“We were working with 3d cameras, trying to find useful applications for the  technology,” says Zahn. “It occurred to us that instead  of using haptics to point in a single direction we could use 3D imaging to create a sort of haptic map of what’s ahead, and that the blind might be able to use these maps to help with orientation and navigation.”  A pair of glasses were fitted out with dual infrared cameras that use an invisible, infrared flash to illuminate what’s ahead.  The reflections from the two, slightly separated vantages were then interpreted to create a stereoscopic 3d rendering, including not only the image, but also a map of distance points.  , much like the Viewmaster slides of yore.  The combined 3D rendering is sent to a tiny computer, where it is translated into a haptic  map array. 

Instead of using the torso to  transmit the haptic data to the user Zahn and Zahn and Ahmad  designed a flexible sleeve that fits over three quarters of the user’s forearm.  “The skin there is quite sensitive,” says Zahn.  The built-in five by five array of haptic pads vibrate in various patterns and intensities, creating a vibrating map of what the camera sees.  “I was startled the first time I tried on the goggles and sleeve together,” Zahn recalls.  I turned my head, and as I panned my office wall I could literally feel the absence  as  the camera moved across the open doorway.” A narrow hallway generates strong vibrations on each side of the sleeve and the intensity of these vibrations reduces toward the center of the array. If the user walks towards an obstacle, the vibration intensity of the respective motors gradually increases. And since the arm is only used to display the information of the camera, the user can walk and perform tasks requiring two hands,  or use a cane and still have a free hand for  opening doors, using stair rails and the  like,” says Zahn. “

Because the system relies on infrared light, it can be used in complete darkness. Indeed, during testing, users were able quickly to adapt to the device and grew more proficient with practice, easily navigating a pitch dark maze route around and between tables, chairs and  other obstacles.  “And with minimal practice with the equipment their navigation speed increased significantly,” notes Zahn.

Zahn and Ahmad published their research on the arXiv.org e-Print archive.

Like all too much other research, the team has moved  on to other projects, and have no plans for further development.  However states Zahn, “The computer algorithms are fairly simple, and the parts list is in the paper for anyone to use and develop.”  He even offers a few ideas for refinements.  “At some point a  second sleeve could be added.  This would likely steepen the learning curve, but it would also supply a lot more 3D information about the nearby environment.  And since the cameras also  provide full imagery, it should also be possible to link the results  with an image recognition data base to more accurately identify what’s around.”

As regular readers  of AccessWorld already know, one company is already doing just that. Supersense from Mediate uses iPhone’s lidar and image recognition to announce chairs, tables, people standing in line and other barriers to travel.  Perhaps the developers can give this technology a helping hand…or rather a helping arm.

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

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The RealSAM Pocket - Is This the Phone You've Been Waiting For?

Steve Kelley

One of the questions I hear often is, "Which phone is the best for people who are blind, or with reduced vision?" This question is most often asked by people who have used their phone visually for most of their life, and can't imagine using a phone in any other way than by vision. They are looking for the phone, and for that matter, the computer, which can be used completely by using voice commands and listening to the response. With each year, we get closer to the computer interface many of us recall from 2001 Space Odyssey, in which we simply speak to the computer in plain language and tasks such as phone calls, texts, and information are all managed with or without the need to see the screen.

If you've been dreaming of that type of phone, one that will respond to your plain language requests to make a phone call, send a text message, maybe even read a book or listen to a podcast, the RealSAM Pocket may just be the answer to your dreams.

The RealSAM Pocket looks like a flat screen smartphone at first glance, and this is because the hardware used for the RealSAM is a Samsung Galaxy phone with an Android operating system. With one or two possible exceptions, the end user of the phone will never know or care that this is an Android phone, which might normally require a bunch of gestures and swiping to make things happen. Think of the RealSam handset as a gateway to a package of services that combine to make an easy-to-use, voice-operated communication system that also includes some additional tools for entertainment, location, and daily living.

How Does it Work

RealSAM Pocket uses the internet and software to interpret simple voice commands instead of gestures. When the phone is first turned on with a long press of the power button on the right side of the phone, the bottom 20% of the screen is a large button. Labeled "Tap to talk." Tap this part of the screen once and then say what you want. Nearly all phone functions can be managed by tapping this part of the screen and speaking a command. In many cases, the RealSAM will respond with instructions, a question, or a list of items from which the user simply responds again, by tapping the screen once, and speaking a response. For example, in response to a command to "Make a phone call," the RealSAM might follow-up with, "Please say a number, a contact, or go back." Tap the screen, say the number or the name of the contact, and the call is made.

It's worth noting here, that while RealSAM eliminates much of the gestures and input that many users might find confounding, on another flat screen smartphone, there are nonetheless, instances where this is necessary.

Much of the processing of these verbal commands, and all of the streaming information a user might request from their phone is internet based. One of the first steps for many with the RealSAM will be connecting it to the local internet Wi-Fi. This is accomplished by saying, "Configure WI-FI," which brings up a list of local WI-FI access points available. Slide a finger down the screen and listen for the access point to connect to, and lift a finger to select it. Once selected, a keyboard comes up on the screen and the password is input in the same way—finding the letter with a finger and lifting the finger to input it. While the RealSAM eliminates much of the touchscreen gestures, this is an example of when resorting to these gestures is inevitable.

What's in Your Pocket?

The RealSAM makes basic communication on the phone, simple and easy to accomplish with a couple voice commands—making a phone call, sending a text, and managing contacts. Although the RealSAM handset is an Android phone, the RealSAM does not access the Google Play Store, where apps are downloaded and installed on the phone. A number of services and installed applications are included on the RealSAM that cover many of the most commonly used tasks. For example, users can search for a book, podcast, or radio station from numerous free streaming services. Using just natural language commands, a book can be selected from one of several sources, and read with commands like, "Jump forward," Jump Back," "Play," "Pause," "Resume," and "Where am I," to name a few. Many of these same commands can also be used when listening to a podcast as well.

Within these services, RealSAM incorporates a very powerful search function, as well. For example, asking for a list of radio stations will return a list of radio station categories that can be chosen, including: Recent; Favorites; Local; Music; and Talk. Lists like this are presented in groups of five, and the command, "Next," is used for additional listings. Users can drill down through the list or make selections using the number of the item, or just saying a word in the items name. Users can also do a more global search for a more specific radio station or category. For example, there is currently no category for Radio Reading Service stations, however, asking, "List radio stations for blind readers," produced a list of 38 radio stations, many of which were Radio Reading Services. When selected, these began streaming a live broadcast over the internet.

In much the same way a book title might be selected by simply conducting a search. For Example, "Find the title, 'David Copperfield,' from LibriVox," will produce a short list of what's available on LibriVox, which may then be played or added to a category called, "My Books." LibriVox is just one of several resources available on Real SAM, which also includes, Calibre, Torch Trust, and Project Gutenberg. Books can be read as plain text with the screen reader on the RealSAM or played as an audio file of a book narrated by a human reader.

Apps and Other Goodies

Although, more traditional smartphones may be challenging for some users, they do provide access to some great apps, that just make life easier. RealSAM has included some of the most useful in their software. RealSAM includes the free App Be My Eyes, which enables users to connect with a sighted volunteer through a video call so they can use the phone's camera to assist with a wide variety of everyday tasks, like identifying or finding something, describing the color of a piece of clothing, reading a label, etc. Just say, "Be My Eyes," to get started. The first time through includes a list which includes terms of use and registration. Once the terms are accepted a call over WI-FI or cell data is made and the user is connected with a live volunteer for assistance.

How about a video magnifier with OCR? Just say, "Magnifier," and the app opens with menu options to increase or decrease magnification using the +/- buttons, change the foreground and background colors, and freeze the image. Selecting "Freeze" produces another menu labeled, "Action," which contains options for both object recognition and text recognition. Text processing is quick, pretty accurate, and best suited for a single column of text. It's also worth pointing out that the Magnifier application and its menus require using touch gestures to locate the menu items and select them by lifting a finger.

Another handy feature that is simple to use, is for locations. Ask RealSAM, "Where am I?" to get a quick description of the nearest address. Locations can also be used to label specific points of interest outside. So a user might label their favorite coffee shop, restaurant, or another place of interest in the neighborhood, or on a walk.

Out of the Box

The RealSAM comes unlocked and will work with a cellular carrier of the user's choice. The RealSAM is packaged with a bumper case, Screen protector, lanyard and wall charging plug with USB cable. Install a SIM card from a cellular carrier and/or connect to Wi-Fi to get started. Just say, "Hello Pocket," and RealSAM will suggest several things you can say to get rolling. RealSAM has an introductory tutorial which will play without an internet connection by saying "Device Tutorial." Once connected to the internet, saying, "User Guide," brings up a list of sections in the User Guide to choose from. This is a great way to practice navigating the lists and using the reading commands.

The Bottom Line

If you're looking for an easy-to-use phone, that you can literally pick up and make a phone call with using your voice, the RealSAM may be the phone you've been imagining. Add a contact, send a text, find your location, read a book, play a podcast, and even get some sighted assistance for a task, with Be MY Eyes—are all tasks the RealSAM will perform with relative ease, using your voice. For some of these tasks, users will need to experiment with the voice commands or refer to the User Guide for the specific language needed. For users looking for a phone that will support more apps, or some of the other blindness services, like NLS BARD, NFB Newsline, or Bookshare, the RealSAM Pocket may not be the right choice…just yet. It seems clear when demoing the phone and the easy-to-use interface that more could be on the way, in your Pocket.

RealSAM Pocket is $1399 and can be purchased directly from the RealSAM website. For more detailed information about how the RealSAM works, check out the User Guide or schedule a virtual demo from the website.

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

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Amazon Fire-TV Recast: Accessible over-the-air TV channels with no cable bill

Bill Holton

Is it time for you to cut the cord, avoid the ever-growing expense of cable TV in favor of a complete diet of streaming programming?  Over the past months AccessWorld has devoted a number of articles to help you get started with the various video streaming services. So far we’ve covered Netflix, YouTube TV,  Disney+, Apple TV+, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Peacock, HBO+, and Discovery+ Even with all these resources, you may decide there is still one missing piece to the cord cutting puzzle:  access to local broadcast TV channels.  For many, it’s the best if not only way to keep up with local goings-on.  You may be reluctant to cancel your cable subscription as this is the easiest way to watch and the only way  to preview and record local broadcast TV. In this article we will show you how you can do all of this and more using a popular networked over the air DVR: the Amazon Fire-TV Recast.

What you’ll need

To use Recast you will need a Fire-TV stick, a television with Fire-TV built in, or an Echo Show.  You will also need a digital antenna, and smartphone running the iOS or Android Fire-TV app to set up the Recast and, if you  like, stream live and recorded programs.  Recast comes in two models—the difference being the number of tuners and the DVR storage.   The 500GB has two tuners—you  can watch one channel while recording another, or record two programs simultaneously.  The higher end model includes 4 tuners.  The lesser unit also offers a half terabyte of video storage—enough to record up to 75 hours of programming.  The higher end offers a full  terabyte which will hold 150 hours.  At the time of this writing the 500 GB model costs $229, the terabyte model $279, but I’ve seen it on sale, both at Amazon.com and Best Buy. For this review I purchased the terabyte version, and evaluated it with an iPhone 12. 

Getting started

Recast connects to your home network either via cable or Wi-Fi.  No network cable is included.  Over-the-air broadcast signals move from your digital antenna—purchased separately—to the Recast, where they are processed  and recorded.  Depending on your Fire-TV resolution, a processed signal is then  sent through your router and from there to the device, also via Wi-Fi or cable, depending on how your Fire-TV is connected.  With Recast within Wi-Fi range of your router—it does not need to be near your TV--install  and open the Fire TV app.  Beneath listings for your current Fire TV devices, you  will find the option to setup a new device.  .  Choose Recast and the setup will begin.

I found the Recast setup process completely accessible using  VoiceOver, though there were a few spots where the process was confusing and physically inaccessible.  For example, early in the setup process I was asked for my antenna range.  I chose the maximum, 50 miles.  A channel scan turned up over 70 channels.  However I later discovered many of the more distant channels would not play, leaving a number of unusable listings in my channel lineup.  Unfortunately, there is no way to redo this step without resetting Recast to factory defaults and starting from scratch. The various channels  mostly presented  themselves by call  letters—which VoiceOver and Amazon’s Voice Guide didn’t always do a good job pronouncing.  Unfortunately, there is no way to assign new names to these  channels, either on the  app or your Fire-TV device.

At another point I was instructed to attach the power cord and plug in the included power adapter.  (Note:  both the antenna and power connectors are e easily located via touch.  I was then instructed me to wait until  the  LED on the front of the Recast  was flashing white, then press next.  There is an app error message when you can’t see the light, but it only advises you to unplug and re-plug the device and wait another five minutes.  Go ahead and press next.  There is another way to accomplish this. 

At this point the setup menu prompts you to change your Wi-Fi to the temporary Amazon  network. If after a minute or so you don’t see this option in your list of Wi-Fi networks, try this.  On the back edge of Recast, about halfway between the power and antenna connections, there is a recessed Connect button.  Press and hold this button for five or six seconds.  The Amazon temporary network should soon appear.  Returning to the Fire TV app, my phone warned me that my current Wi-Fi network was not connected to the Internet—did I wish to use my  cellular network in the meantime?  Assuming the Recast needed to use the Amazon network I selected No.  Apparently, I should have pressed Yes, because when  I did this on a subsequent try things worked smoothly and the installation proceeded. 

Finally, you are asked to choose a Wi-Fi network and password.  Be sure to use the same network your Fire TV devices use.  The app then performs a channel scan and lists all the channels within the specified radius. 

Click Next and the installation is complete.

Accessible channel surfing

The preferred way to access over-the-air broadcast channels from the Amazon Recast is via a Fire-TV device.  Fire-TV sticks start at under $30, and Fire-TV enabled TV sets can often be  found on sale for under $100.  If you’re new to Fire-TV, Arron Preece reviewed the Insignia Smart TV, Fire TV Edition in  the December 2018 AccessWorld. You can also get started by visiting Amazon’s Accessibility Features for Fire-TV web page.

To begin watching live TV go to  the—yes—“Live TV” tab on the Fire-TV menu.  Cursor down to Recast and you’ll see a list of broadcast channels, usually listed by  call  letters.  As mentioned before, the pronunciation can be less than optimum, and there is currently no way to rename them to more Voice Guide-friendly names.

Selecting Recast from the main menu Settings tab will offer you the option to manage channels.  You can  favorite or unfavorite a channel, or hide a channel—particularly handy if you wound up with channels you will never watch or the signal is too weak to stream.  Press the Select button to toggle between favorite and unfavorite, and the Play/Pause button to hide the channel. Favorite channels will be moved to the top of your channel list.  However if you have favorited a dozen channels there is no way to modify the  list so that your very favorites rise to the top.

In the settings menu you can  also  set the default DVR options.  By default you can record a single episode of a show or multiple episodes.  You can also set the DVR to begin ahead of the scheduled time and end after the scheduled  time—particularly handy if your favorite program begins after a sports event.

Accessing the program guide allows you to cursor through the channel’s schedule.  The schedule runs a 14 days ahead, and a few seconds after a cursor key press the voice guide will announce both the channel and the date.  However this hint announcement seems to cease voicing after just a few days.  Double pressing the Menu   key at any point will call up the DVR Record options.

You can also initiate a DVR recording using the Voice Control button on  your Fire-TV remote.  “Record Wheel of Fortune” will set the DVR, even if you are not on that particular listing.  Access DVR recordings from the Live TV menu, where you can play and/or delete programs.

Recast on your smartphone

You can view live TV and DVR recordings on your smartphone, however the feature set is  less than complete.  You can view  a channel or DVR recording, pause, move back and ahead, and set the current  or next program to record.  However there is no functioning guide.  The only programs listed are the current and next listings.  There is one handy feature.  In the More/Recast/Data Usage menu option you can set the quality of the video stream.  You can also  do this on your Fire-TV are device, however the app includes an additional option.  Along with several resolution options which can help limit band width if  you are using a data connection to stream video, you can also set Recast to stream audio only to your smartphone. 

Final thoughts

All in all, I found the Recast paired with my Fire-TV and iPhone 12  to be a fairly pleasant experience.  I have few gripes about the voice accessibility.  Any suggestions for improvements are  all feature based.  For example,  I  wish the iPhone app were more feature complete.  Many people would like to be able to view the complete program guide remotely and set DVR recordings.  I also wish there was a way to move my favorite of favorites to the top of the channel lists.  And I am sure Voice Guide and touch screen reader users are not the only ones who wish they  could rename channels in the guide.  If you’re thinking of cutting the  cord, there are several over-the-air DVRs to choose from.  However I would recommend the Amazon Recast—the company has a stated commitment to  accessibility.

Previous Cutting the Cord Articles

Video Streaming Services, Part 1: Getting Started with Netflix for People with Visual Impairments

Video Streaming Services, Part 2: Cutting the Cable Cord with YouTube TV

Video Streaming Services, Part 3: The Accessibility of the Disney+ Streaming Service

Video Streaming Services, Part 4: Apple TV+: A Very Accessible Service

Video Streaming Services, Part 5: The Accessibility of Hulu for Users with Visual Impairments

Video Streaming Services, Part 6: Amazon Prime Video: An Enormous Range of Content

Video Streaming Services Part 7: Does Peacock Have Wings? A Review of the Peacock Streaming Service from NBCUniversal

Video Streaming Services, Part 8: Is it Worth Exploring Discovery+?

Video Streaming Services, Part 9: HBO Max - A New Kid on the Block—Or Is It?

This article is made possible in part by generous funding from the James H. and Alice Teubert Charitable Trust, Huntington, West Virginia.

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